Country HR Guide

HR Management in Somalia

Private sector employment in Somalia is governed mainly by the Labour Code (Law No. 65 of 1972), supplemented by federal and state regulations and by what is agreed in each employment contract. Published, up-to-date figures are scarce, so this guide focuses on the framework employers need to plan around.

Currency Somali Shilling (SOS); US dollars widely used
Capital Mogadishu
Languages Somali, Arabic
Weekly rest day Friday
Figures last reviewed September 2026.

Leave entitlements

The Labour Code provides for paid annual leave, sick leave and maternity leave, but the legislation is old and enforcement varies across the federal member states. In practice, many employers set out leave entitlements in detail in the employment contract or internal policies, at or above the statutory minimums.

Leave to cover in your policy
  • Annual leave – paid leave each year, with rules on when it can be taken and whether unused days carry forward.
  • Sick leave – paid leave supported by a medical certificate, with the rate of pay clearly stated.
  • Maternity leave – protected leave around childbirth, with the employer's pay policy stated in writing.
  • Religious and family leave – for example leave for Hajj, bereavement or marriage, which many employers offer by policy.

Check the current Labour Code and any regulations of the federal member state where the employee works before finalising entitlements, and take local legal advice where the amounts matter.

How IceHrm helps

Set up each leave type in your Somalia policy with its own accrual, carry forward and approval rules. Employees see their live balance before they apply, and managers see who is away on a shared team calendar. Leave management →

Pay & working hours

Somalia has no national minimum wage in general effect, so pay is set by agreement between employer and employee. Salaries are commonly agreed and paid in US dollars, often by bank transfer or mobile money.

  • The Labour Code limits normal working hours and requires overtime to be paid at a premium.
  • Friday is the weekly rest day, and many workplaces operate from Saturday to Thursday.
  • Working hours are usually reduced during Ramadan.
  • Put the salary, currency, pay date and payment method in the written contract.
How IceHrm helps

Capture attendance and overtime in IceHrm and feed the hours straight into payroll, with multi-currency payroll for teams paid in US dollars or shillings. Time & attendance →

Income tax

Employment income is taxed under a pay-as-you-earn system, with employers deducting tax from salaries and paying it to the tax authority. At federal level this is administered by the Ministry of Finance, while federal member states run their own revenue administrations and may apply different rates.

  • Confirm which authority the employer must register with and pay to, based on where it operates.
  • Rates and thresholds are not consistently published, so confirm them with the relevant revenue authority before running payroll.
  • There is no national contributory social security scheme in general operation for private sector employees, so pension and health benefits are usually provided by the employer, if at all.
How IceHrm helps

Build Somalia pay the way you already structure it, with your own salary components, deductions and formula columns, such as a tax withholding column. Want to know how well IceHrm handles payroll calculations for Somalia? Contact us or see Payroll →

Public holidays

Somalia observes fixed national holidays and Islamic holidays that follow the lunar calendar. The exact dates of Islamic holidays, and how many days are given for Eid, are announced by the government each year.

New Year's Day1 January
Labour Day1 May
Independence Day26 June
Republic Day1 July
Eid al-FitrEnd of Ramadan (lunar calendar)
Eid al-Adha10 Dhu al-Hijjah (lunar calendar)
Islamic New Year1 Muharram (lunar calendar)
Ashura10 Muharram (lunar calendar)
Mawlid (Prophet's Birthday)12 Rabi al-Awwal (lunar calendar)

Federal member states also mark their own anniversaries, such as Puntland on 1 August, so staff in different regions may get different days off.

How IceHrm helps

Add each year's announced Eid dates to a holiday calendar, and use leave groups to give offices in different regions their own calendars, so everyone gets the right days off automatically. Holiday calendars →

Hiring & contracts

A clear written contract is the best protection for both sides in Somalia, where statutory rules can be hard to confirm. Write it in Somali, or in Somali alongside English or Arabic, so the employee fully understands it.

What an employment contract should cover
  • Job title, duties and place of work
  • Start date and duration (if fixed-term)
  • Salary, currency and pay date
  • Working hours and weekly rest
  • Overtime arrangements
  • Annual, sick and maternity leave
  • Probation period
  • Notice and termination terms
  • Any end-of-service payment
  • Allowances and other benefits
How IceHrm helps

Send contracts for e-signing, store them on the employee's record, and track onboarding with task lists so nothing is missed on day one. Documents & e-signing →

Official sources Disclaimer

This guide is general information to help you plan HR processes, not legal, tax or financial advice. Employment law and rates change regularly and awards, enterprise agreements and state rules may give employees more than the minimums shown here. Always confirm current requirements with the official sources or a qualified adviser.

Manage your Somalia workforce with IceHrm

Configure leave types, accrual rules and public holidays for Somalia, keep employee records and contracts in one place, and run payroll with your own salary components. Want to know how IceHrm handles payroll calculations for Somalia? Talk to us.

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