Country HR Guide

HR Management in Canada

Most Canadian employees are covered by the employment standards law of the province or territory where they work. Federally regulated industries, such as banking, telecoms and interprovincial transport, follow the Canada Labour Code instead. This guide uses the federal rules and national payroll deductions as its baseline.

Currency Canadian Dollar (CAD)
Capital Ottawa
Languages English, French
Standard week 40 hours
Federal minimum wage C$18.15 / hour
Employer CPP 5.95%
Figures last reviewed September 2026.

Leave entitlements

The figures below are the Canada Labour Code minimums for federally regulated employers. Provinces and territories set their own minimums, which are often similar but not identical, so always check the rules where each employee works.

2 weeks
Annual vacation

After 1 year of service, with 4% vacation pay. Rises to 3 weeks (6%) after 5 years and 4 weeks (8%) after 10 years.

10 days
Paid medical leave

Earned after 30 days of service (3 days), then 1 day a month. Unused days carry over up to 10 days.

17 weeks
Maternity leave

Job-protected unpaid leave. Income is replaced through Employment Insurance (EI) maternity benefits.

63 weeks
Parental leave

Available to each parent, up to 71 weeks in total when shared. Must be taken within 78 weeks of the birth or adoption.

Maternity, paternity and parental benefits

Employers do not have to pay wages during maternity or parental leave. Eligible parents receive EI benefits instead: 15 weeks of maternity benefits, then either standard parental benefits (up to 40 weeks shared, at 55% of average insurable earnings) or extended parental benefits (up to 69 weeks shared, at 33%). There is no separate paternity leave; fathers and partners use parental leave. Quebec runs its own Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP) in place of EI parental benefits.

Other federal leave
  • Personal leave – 5 days a year, the first 3 paid after 3 months of service.
  • Family violence leave – 10 days a year, the first 5 paid after 3 months of service.
  • Bereavement leave – up to 10 days, the first 3 paid after 3 months of service.
  • Unpaid medical leave – up to 27 weeks for illness, injury or organ donation.
  • Compassionate care and critical illness leave – up to 28 weeks, and up to 37 weeks for a critically ill child (17 weeks for an adult), unpaid but supported by EI caregiving benefits.
How IceHrm helps

Set up each leave type in IceHrm with its own accrual, carry forward and approval rules, and use separate leave groups when staff in different provinces have different entitlements. Employees see their live balance before they apply, and managers see who is away on a shared calendar. Leave management →

Pay & working hours

The federal minimum wage is adjusted on 1 April each year in line with inflation. Each province and territory also sets its own minimum wage, and employers must pay whichever rate is higher.

C$18.15
Federal minimum wage per hour

From 1 April 2026, for federally regulated employers. Provincial rates apply to everyone else.

8 / 40 hours
Standard daily / weekly hours

Under the Canada Labour Code, with a general maximum of 48 hours a week.

150%
Overtime premium

Time and a half for hours beyond the standard hours. Some provinces use a 44-hour weekly threshold instead.

Paying employees
  • Pay on regular paydays; biweekly and semi-monthly schedules are most common.
  • Give employees a pay statement showing earnings and every deduction.
  • Deduct income tax, CPP (QPP in Quebec) and EI at source and remit them to the CRA (and Revenu Québec).
  • Issue a T4 slip (and RL-1 in Quebec) to each employee by the end of February.
How IceHrm helps

Capture attendance and overtime in IceHrm and feed the hours straight into payroll, so daily and weekly overtime thresholds reflect what was actually worked. Time & attendance →

Income tax

Canadians pay federal income tax plus provincial or territorial income tax, based on where they live on 31 December. Employers withhold both from every pay and remit them to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA); Quebec residents file a separate provincial return with Revenu Québec.

Federal tax rates for 2026. Provincial or territorial tax is charged on top. Thresholds are indexed to inflation every year.
Taxable incomeFederal rate
C$0 – C$58,52314%
C$58,523 – C$117,04520.5%
C$117,045 – C$181,44026%
C$181,440 – C$258,48229%
Over C$258,48233%

Employer payroll costs

Employers match employee pension contributions and pay a higher share of EI premiums. Provinces add workers’ compensation premiums and, in some provinces, a payroll or health tax.

2026 rates outside Quebec. CPP applies to earnings between C$3,500 and C$74,600; CPP2 to earnings between C$74,600 and C$85,000; EI to earnings up to C$68,900.
ContributionEmployerEmployee
Canada Pension Plan (CPP)5.95%5.95%
Second additional CPP (CPP2)4%4%
Employment Insurance (EI)2.282%1.63%
Provincial costs
  • Quebec – the Quebec Pension Plan replaces CPP, QPIP premiums apply, and the EI rate is lower (1.30% for employees in 2026).
  • Workers’ compensation – compulsory in every province; rates depend on the industry and claims history.
  • Payroll and health taxes – charged in some provinces, such as Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba and British Columbia, usually above a payroll threshold.
How IceHrm helps

Build Canadian pay the way you already structure it, with your own salary components, deductions and formula columns, such as CPP and EI contribution columns. Want to know how well IceHrm handles payroll calculations for Canada? Contact us or see Payroll →

Ending employment

Canadian employment is not “at will”. Unless there is just cause, an employer must give statutory notice or pay in lieu, and courts may award longer “reasonable notice” under common law (outside Quebec) unless a valid contract clause limits it to the statutory minimum.

Common ways employment ends
  • Resignation by the employee
  • Mutual agreement
  • Expiry of a fixed-term contract
  • Termination without cause, with notice
  • Dismissal for just cause (no notice)
  • Layoff or group termination
Minimum notice (Canada Labour Code)
In force since 1 February 2024, for employees with at least 3 months’ continuous service. Employers can pay wages in lieu of notice. Provincial notice rules differ.
Continuous serviceNotice
3 months to less than 3 years2 weeks
3 years3 weeks
4 years4 weeks
5 years5 weeks
6 years6 weeks
7 years7 weeks
8 years or more8 weeks
Severance pay

Federally regulated employees with at least 12 months of continuous service are also owed severance pay: the greater of 2 days’ regular wages per completed year of service, or 5 days’ wages. Among the provinces, only Ontario has a comparable statutory severance entitlement, for larger employers.

Final pay includes outstanding wages and vacation pay. Employers must also issue a Record of Employment (ROE) to Service Canada so the employee can apply for EI.

Public holidays

Federally regulated employees get 10 general holidays with pay. Provinces and territories set their own lists, which usually include New Year’s Day, Good Friday, Canada Day, Labour Day and Christmas Day plus local days such as Family Day or Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day.

New Year’s Day1 January
Good FridayMarch / April
Victoria DayMonday before 25 May
Canada Day1 July
Labour DayFirst Monday in September
National Day for Truth and Reconciliation30 September
Thanksgiving DaySecond Monday in October
Remembrance Day11 November
Christmas Day25 December
Boxing Day26 December

This is the Canada Labour Code list. Several days on it, such as Remembrance Day and Boxing Day, are not statutory holidays in every province.

How IceHrm helps

Leave groups give each provincial office its own holiday calendar, so a team split across Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia gets the right days off automatically. Holiday calendars →

Hiring & contracts

Written contracts are not required by law but are standard practice, and a clear termination clause is the main way to limit common law notice. A contract can never provide less than the applicable employment standards. In Quebec, contracts must be available in French.

Documents to collect from new employees
  • Social Insurance Number (SIN) – within 3 days of the start date.
  • TD1 personal tax credits returns – federal and provincial (TP-1015.3 in Quebec).
  • Proof of work authorisation – a work permit for foreign nationals.
  • Direct deposit and emergency contact details.
What an employment contract should cover
  • Position and duties
  • Start date and employment type
  • Salary and pay frequency
  • Hours of work and overtime
  • Vacation and benefits
  • Probation period
  • Confidentiality and IP
  • Termination clause
Probation

Employment standards laws do not create a formal probation period, but statutory notice usually only applies after about 3 months of service, so many employers use a 3 month probation. Longer probation periods must be set out in the contract.

How IceHrm helps

Send offer letters and contracts for e-signing, store TD1 forms and work permits on the employee’s record, and track onboarding with task lists so nothing is missed on day one. Documents & e-signing →

Official sources Disclaimer

This guide is general information to help you plan HR processes, not legal, tax or financial advice. Employment law and rates change regularly and awards, enterprise agreements and state rules may give employees more than the minimums shown here. Always confirm current requirements with the official sources or a qualified adviser.

Manage your Canada workforce with IceHrm

Configure leave types, accrual rules and public holidays for Canada, keep employee records and contracts in one place, and run payroll with your own salary components. Want to know how IceHrm handles payroll calculations for Canada? Talk to us.

Start Free Trial Explore Features Contact Us