Country HR Guide

HR Management in Nepal

Employment in Nepal is governed by the Labour Act 2017 (2074 BS), with provident fund, gratuity and other benefits paid through the Social Security Fund under the Contribution-based Social Security Act. Here is what employers need to know about leave, pay, tax and ending employment.

Currency Nepalese Rupee (NPR)
Capital Kathmandu
Language Nepali
Standard week 48 hours
Minimum wage NPR 19,550 / month
Social Security Fund 20% employer, 11% employee
Figures last reviewed September 2026.

Leave entitlements

The Labour Act sets minimum leave for all employees. Home leave and sick leave can be accumulated, and any accumulated balance is paid out when employment ends.

1 day per 20
Home (annual) leave

1 day of paid home leave for every 20 days worked. Can be accumulated up to 90 days.

12 days
Sick leave

Paid each year, pro rata in the first year. A medical certificate is needed for more than 3 consecutive days. Can be accumulated up to 45 days.

14 weeks
Maternity leave

Before or after the birth, with 60 days on full pay. Up to 1 more month can be granted on medical advice.

15 days
Paternity (maternity care) leave

Paid leave for a male employee when his wife gives birth.

Other leave
  • Weekly rest – one day off every week.
  • Mourning (kiriya) leave – 13 days on full pay when the employee must observe mourning rites, for example on the death of a spouse or parent.
  • Substitute leave – employees in continuous operations who work on a weekly rest day or public holiday get a substitute day off within 21 days.
  • Payout – home leave above 90 days and sick leave above 45 days is paid out at the end of each year at the basic wage rate.
How IceHrm helps

Set up home leave, sick leave and mourning leave in IceHrm, each with its own accrual, carry forward and approval rules, such as the 90 and 45 day accumulation caps. Employees see their live balance before they apply, and managers see who is away on a shared calendar. Leave management →

Pay & working hours

The minimum wage is set every two years by the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security on the recommendation of the Minimum Remuneration Fixation Committee. It is made up of a basic wage and a dearness allowance.

NPR 19,550
Minimum wage per month

From 1 Shrawan 2082 (mid-July 2025): NPR 12,170 basic plus NPR 7,380 dearness allowance. NPR 754 a day or NPR 101 an hour. Separate rates apply to tea estate workers.

8 / 48 hours
Maximum per day / week

With a half-hour break after 5 hours of continuous work, which counts as working time.

1.5×
Overtime rate

Of the basic wage. Overtime is limited to 4 hours a day and 24 hours a week.

Festival allowance and annual increment

Every employee is entitled to a festival allowance (chad parva kharcha) equal to one month's basic wage each year, paid for their main festival, or at Dashain if they don't ask otherwise. Employees with less than a year's service receive a pro-rata amount. After a year of service, employees also receive an annual grade increment of at least half a day's basic wage per month.

Paying employees
  • Wages must be paid at intervals of no more than one month.
  • Employees working less than a month must be paid within 3 days of finishing, and casual workers immediately.
  • The minimum hourly rate for part-time workers is NPR 107.
How IceHrm helps

Capture attendance and overtime in IceHrm and feed the hours straight into payroll, so overtime is paid on what was actually worked and stays within the daily and weekly limits. Time & attendance →

Income tax

Nepal taxes individuals at progressive rates under the Income Tax Act 2058, as amended each year by the Finance Act. Employers withhold tax from salaries and deposit it with the Inland Revenue Department. The income year runs from mid-July to mid-July.

Resident individual rates for income year 2083/84 (mid-July 2026 to mid-July 2027). The same bands now apply to single and married (couple) filers.
Taxable incomeRate
Up to NPR 1,000,0001%
NPR 1,000,001 – NPR 1,500,00010%
NPR 1,500,001 – NPR 2,500,00020%
NPR 2,500,001 – NPR 4,000,00027%
Over NPR 4,000,00029%

The 1% first-band tax does not apply to people contributing to the contribution-based Social Security Fund, sole proprietors or pension income. Women with only employment income get a 10% rebate on the tax payable.

Employer payroll costs

Contributions to the Social Security Fund (SSF) are calculated on the employee's basic salary. The Labour Act's provident fund and gratuity obligations are deposited with the SSF.

20%
Employer SSF contribution

Of basic salary. It covers the 10% employer provident fund contribution and the 8.33% gratuity required by the Labour Act.

11%
Employee SSF contribution

Of basic salary, withheld by the employer, including the employee's 10% provident fund share.

Insurance
Medical and accident cover

Medical insurance of at least NPR 100,000 a year (premium shared 50/50) and accident insurance of at least NPR 700,000 (paid by the employer).

How IceHrm helps

Build Nepali pay the way you already structure it, with your own salary components, deductions and formula columns, such as basic salary, dearness allowance and SSF contribution columns. Want to know how well IceHrm handles payroll calculations for Nepal? Contact us or see Payroll →

Ending employment

Employment can be ended only as allowed by the Labour Act, and the employer must give an appropriate and adequate reason. Final dues must be paid within 15 days of employment ending.

Common ways employment ends
  • Resignation by the employee
  • End of a time-based or task-based contract
  • Unsatisfactory performance in 3 or more appraisals
  • Ill health, on medical advice
  • Dismissal for misconduct
  • Retrenchment
  • Mandatory retirement at 58
Minimum notice period
Applies to both parties, except dismissal for misconduct. An employer who gives no notice must pay wages for the notice period.
Length of employmentNotice
Up to 4 weeks1 day
4 weeks to 1 year7 days
More than 1 year30 days
Retrenchment
  • The employer must give the labour office and the trade union (or labour relations committee) at least 30 days' notice and discuss the selection criteria.
  • Compensation is one month's basic wage for each year of service, pro rata for less than a year, unless the employee receives unemployment benefit from the SSF.
  • Retrenched employees get priority if the business rehires within 2 years.
  • These retrenchment procedures do not apply to employers with 10 or fewer employees.

A resignation must be accepted within 15 days, or it is treated as accepted automatically. Accumulated home and sick leave is paid out at the last basic wage.

Public holidays

Every employee gets 13 days of paid public holidays a year, including May Day. Women get 14, including International Women's Day. The specific days are set by the employer, or by the regulator where one applies. Most festivals follow the lunar calendar, so their dates change every year.

International Women's Day (women)8 March
Nepali New YearMid-April
May Day1 May
Republic DayLate May
Constitution DaySeptember
DashainSeptember / October
TiharOctober / November

The list above shows commonly observed holidays; employers choose the rest of their 13 days, often including festivals such as Holi, Maha Shivaratri, Buddha Jayanti and Chhath. Employees who work on a public holiday in continuous operations are entitled to a substitute day off.

How IceHrm helps

Leave groups let you publish each year's holiday calendar, and give women employees the extra Women's Day holiday, so the right days are blocked out automatically. Holiday calendars →

Hiring & contracts

No one may be employed without an employment contract, except in casual employment. The contract must set out the wages, benefits and terms of employment, and cannot provide less than the Labour Act.

Types of employment
  • Regular employment
  • Task-based employment
  • Time-based employment
  • Casual employment (7 days or less in a month)
  • Part-time employment (35 hours a week or less)
Probation and registrations
  • Probation – up to 6 months. If the employee's work is not satisfactory, the contract can be ended during probation; otherwise employment is confirmed automatically.
  • Social Security Fund – employers must register with the SSF and enrol their employees.
  • Foreign workers – need a labour permit from the Department of Labour and Occupational Safety, and the job must first be advertised to Nepali citizens.
  • Experience certificate – must be given to a departing employee who asks for one.
How IceHrm helps

Send employment contracts for e-signing, store them on the employee's record, and track onboarding and probation end dates with task lists so nothing is missed. Documents & e-signing →

Official sources Disclaimer

This guide is general information to help you plan HR processes, not legal, tax or financial advice. Employment law and rates change regularly and awards, enterprise agreements and state rules may give employees more than the minimums shown here. Always confirm current requirements with the official sources or a qualified adviser.

Manage your Nepal workforce with IceHrm

Configure leave types, accrual rules and public holidays for Nepal, keep employee records and contracts in one place, and run payroll with your own salary components. Want to know how IceHrm handles payroll calculations for Nepal? Talk to us.

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